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<link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=https://b.hui.ke/icon_hub7ca0b5404c6d576559b2bd22c64b0e5_2009_32x32_fill_box_center_3.png><link rel=apple-touch-icon sizes=180x180 href=https://b.hui.ke/icon_hub7ca0b5404c6d576559b2bd22c64b0e5_2009_180x180_fill_box_center_3.png><meta name=description content="  今天上午接受了道普有关密评的简单培训。虽然讲的很浅，但还是很受益，且引起了我对密评的兴趣😄开始考虑等考过等保中级后转密评……
  也突然有了一条稍微明确些的人生路，我想大概前半生都在学习和充当各种“裁判”和“教练”吧，后半生开始投身于“专业教练”或者“专业运动员”。"><script type=application/ld+json>{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Posts","item":"https://b.hui.ke/posts/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"密评从零到 0.001","item":"https://b.hui.ke/posts/mp-1/"}]}</script><script type=application/ld+json>{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://b.hui.ke/posts/mp-1/"},"headline":"密评从零到 0.001 | Hui.Ke - Blog","datePublished":"2022-08-25T14:11:10+08:00","dateModified":"2022-08-26T16:35:10+08:00","wordCount":2438,"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Hui.Ke"},"publisher":{"@type":"Person","name":"Hui.Ke","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://b.hui.ke/icon.png"}},"description":"\u003cp\u003e  今天上午接受了道普有关密评的简单培训。虽然讲的很浅，但还是很受益，且引起了我对密评的兴趣😄开始考虑等考过等保中级后转密评……\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e  也突然有了一条稍微明确些的人生路，我想大概前半生都在学习和充当各种“裁判”和“教练”吧，后半生开始投身于“专业教练”或者“专业运动员”。\u003c\/p\u003e"}</script><meta property="og:title" content="密评从零到 0.001 | Hui.Ke - Blog"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:image" content="https://b.hui.ke/icon.png"><meta property="og:url" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/mp-1/"><meta property="og:description" content="  今天上午接受了道普有关密评的简单培训。虽然讲的很浅，但还是很受益，且引起了我对密评的兴趣😄开始考虑等考过等保中级后转密评……
  也突然有了一条稍微明确些的人生路，我想大概前半生都在学习和充当各种“裁判”和“教练”吧，后半生开始投身于“专业教练”或者“专业运动员”。"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Hui.Ke - Blog"><meta property="article:published_time" content="2022-08-25T14:11:10+08:00"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-08-26T16:35:10+08:00"><meta property="article:section" content="posts"><meta property="article:tag" content="密评"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/data-security-and-personal-information-protection/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/regedit-delete-startup-item/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/ols-wordpress/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/epidemic-prevention-and-cyber-security/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/comparison-of-thin-light-laptops/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/sangfor-pt1/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/minutes-of-general-manager-xus-meeting-on-monday/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/my-github-stars/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/raspberry-pi-motion/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/transfer-files-with-rsync/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/comparison-of-iflytek-mice/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/resolutions-for-vmware-tools-installation-failure/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/raspberry-pi-intranet-penetration/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/image-and-video-optimization/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/ccia-top-50-2020/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/cdn-nodes/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/vulfocus-building-guide/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/build-vulstudy/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/windows-file-recovery-help/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/bt-and-trojan/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/steam-free-games-27/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/build-trojan/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/build-taobao-coupon-website/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/build-ssr/"><meta property="og:see_also" content="https://b.hui.ke/posts/hello-everyone/"><script>!function(e){"use strict";!function(){var i,s=window,o=document,a=e,c="".concat("https:"===o.location.protocol?"https://":"http://","sdk.51.la/js-sdk-pro.min.js"),n=o.createElement("script"),r=o.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];n.type="text/javascript",n.setAttribute("charset","UTF-8"),n.async=!0,n.src=c,n.id="LA_COLLECT",a.d=n,i=function(){s.LA.ids.push(a)},s.LA?s.LA.ids&&i():(s.LA=e,s.LA.ids=[],i()),r.parentNode.insertBefore(n,r)}()}({id:"Jgb8aUbG5e3rqhrs",ck:"Jgb8aUbG5e3rqhrs",autoTrack:!0,hashMode:!0})</script><body class="flex min-h-screen flex-col"><header class="min-h-16 pl-scrollbar bg-secondary-bg fixed z-50 flex w-full items-center shadow-sm"><div class="mx-auto w-full max-w-screen-xl"><script>let storageColorScheme=localStorage.getItem("lightDarkMode");((storageColorScheme=="Auto"||storageColorScheme==null)&&window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches||storageColorScheme=="Dark")&&document.getElementsByTagName("html")[0].classList.add("dark")</script><nav class="flex items-center justify-between flex-wrap px-4 py-4 md:py-0"><a href=/ class="me-6 text-primary-text text-xl font-bold">Hui.Ke - Blog</a>
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<span id=busuanzi_value_page_pv><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span> Hits</div></div><p>  今天上午接受了道普有关密评的简单培训。虽然讲的很浅，但还是很受益，且引起了我对密评的兴趣😄开始考虑等考过等保中级后转密评……</p><p>  也突然有了一条稍微明确些的人生路，我想大概前半生都在学习和充当各种“裁判”和“教练”吧，后半生开始投身于“专业教练”或者“专业运动员”。</p><p>  这次培训时间较短，且为“小白普及密评知识”培训，所以笔记很少、杂乱无章，且<strong>大多为个人理解</strong>。各位看官就作为科普随意看看吧。</p><h2 id=密码基本概念>密码基本概念</h2><p>  《密码法》第二条给出密码定义：密码是采用特定变换的方法对信息等进行加密保护、安全认证的技术、产品和服务。</p><p>  密码需要分类管理，可分为核心密码、普通密码和商用密码，其中商用密码用于保护<strong>不属于</strong><del>国家秘密</del>的信息。</p><p>  密码技术包括密码算法、密钥管理和密码协议。</p><table><thead><tr><th style=text-align:center>密码算法</th><th style=text-align:center>对称算法</th><th style=text-align:center>非对称算法</th><th style=text-align:center>杂凑算法</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style=text-align:center>国密</td><td style=text-align:center>ZUC、SM4、SM1（尚未公开发布）、SM7（尚未公开发布）</td><td style=text-align:center>SM2、SM9</td><td style=text-align:center>SM3</td></tr><tr><td style=text-align:center>非国密</td><td style=text-align:center>DES、TDES、AES……</td><td style=text-align:center>RSA……</td><td style=text-align:center>MD5、SHA……</td></tr></tbody></table><p>  密码产品是指采用密码技术并以加密保护、安全认证的产品，即承载密码技术、实现密码功能的实体。</p><p>  密码产品按形态分类可分为</p><ol><li>软件：密码算法软件、密码服务中间件……</li><li>芯片：算法芯片、安全芯片……</li><li>模块：加解密模块、安全控制模块……</li><li>板卡：智能 IC 卡、智能密码钥匙、密码卡……</li><li>整机：网络密码机、服务器密码机、签名验签服务器、时间戳服务器、IPSEC VPN、SSL VPN、安全认证网关……</li><li>系统：电子签章系统、证书认证系统、动态口令系统、密钥管理系统……</li></ol><p>  密码产品按功能分类可分为：密码算法类、数据加解密类、认证鉴别类、证书管理类、密钥管理类、密码防伪类、综合类。</p><p>  密码服务是指基于密码专业技术、技能和设施，为他人提供集成、运营、监理等密码支持和保障的活动，即基于密码技术和产品，实现密码功能，提供密码保障的行为。</p><p>  密码是保障网络与信息安全的核心技术和基础支撑！</p><p>  密码的功能</p><ol><li>真实性 → 防假冒，使用安全认证技术</li><li>保密性 → 防泄密，使用加密技术</li><li>完整性 → 防篡改，使用数字签名等</li><li>不可否认性 → 防抵赖，使用数字签名</li></ol><h2 id=密评基础知识>密评基础知识</h2><p>  首先密评围绕三个“性”：合规性、正确性和有效性，其中合规性主要考察三块：密码算法、密码技术、密码产品和服务。</p><p>  密评依据</p><ol><li>《信息安全技术 信息系统密码应用基本要求》（GB/T 39786-2021）</li><li>《信息系统密码应用测评要求》（GM/T 0115-2021）</li><li>《信息系统密码应用测评过程指南》（GM/T 0116-2021）</li><li>《信息系统密码应用高风险判定指引》</li><li>《商用密码应用安全性评估量化评估规则》</li><li>行业密码应用标准和规范、建设指南等</li><li>通过评审的《密码应用方案》</li></ol><p>  2020 年 9 月 16 日，中国密码学会密评联委会发布《政务信息系统密码应用与安全性评估工作指南（2020 版）》提供了密码应用方案模板</p><ol><li>背景</li><li>系统概述（基本情况、网络、业务、软硬件、管理）</li><li>密码应用需求分析</li><li>设计目标及原则</li><li>技术方案（技术框架、详细设计、密码应用部署、安全与合规性分析）</li><li>安全管理方案（人员、制度、实施、应急）</li><li>实施保障方案（内容、计划、保障措施、经费概算）</li></ol><p>  密评的通用要求</p><ol><li>密码应用技术要求<ol><li>物理和环境安全</li><li>网络和通信安全</li><li>设备和计算安全</li><li>应用和数据安全</li></ol></li><li>密码应用管理要求<ol><li>管理制度</li><li>人员管理</li><li>建设运行</li><li>应急处置</li></ol></li></ol><p>  GB/T 39786-2021 中的通用要求和管理要求，所有级别都<strong>应</strong>遵循，且管理要求逐级加强。而技术要求区分<strong>应、宜、可</strong></p><ol><li>应：信息系统管理者应当遵循相关要求；</li><li>宜：由经评估通过的《密码应用方案》决定遵循或不遵循相关要求，如不遵循，应说明原因以及替代性安全措施；</li><li>可：信息系统管理者根据业务实际情况自主选择遵循或不遵循。</li></ol><p>  《信息系统密码应用高风险判定指引》共指出高风险项 16 项，其中 3 项通用要求，11 项技术要求，2 项管理要求。</p><p>  要密评的系统建议使用国密算法，非国密算法不合规，不能得满分。如需要在国际上进行信息数据的交换等，确需使用非国密算法的，因提供相应的证明。</p><p>  假如系统使用堡垒机进行远程管理运维，则密评中远程管理通道定义为 https</p><p>  密评打分总共一百分，其中“应用和数据安全”占三十分，故要通过密评必须改造应用。所以密评需要包括应用开发厂商等多方参与，同样的《密码应用方案》，也需要多方参与。《密码应用方案》理论上由系统建设方出具，密评方可以协助出方案，但方案不可由密评方出具！</p><h2 id=密评与等保测评的共同点>密评与等保测评的共同点</h2><p>  密评的对象是：关键信息基础设施、基础信息网络（电信网、广电网、互联网）、重要工控系统（核设施、航空航天、石油石化）、面向社会的政务信息系统、等保三级及以上系统、重要信息系统（能源、教育、公安）等等。所以我们不难看出，其实密评适用的对象很广泛，但是现阶段密评工作刚开始开展，重点还是围绕<strong>等保三级及以上系统</strong>。当然等保三级及以上系统其实也包含了上述范围的对象。所以我个人认为，等保和密评在适用对象上，其实是差不多的。</p><p>  密评根据等保等级选择相应级别的安全要求。</p><h2 id=密评与等保测评的不同点>密评与等保测评的不同点</h2><p>  密评现阶段还是参照等保来定级，即等保几级，密评则定为几级。当然有一个特殊点，就是<strong>假如该系统等保未定级，则密评默认为三级</strong>！</p><p>  密评比等保多了一个系统规划阶段的<strong>方案评估</strong>，且不可或缺（为密评的高危项）。这个经过专家评审过的的密评方案，将<strong>作为日后密评中测评项是否不适用的依据</strong>。而在等保测评中针对测评项是否不适用多为现场测评过程中，由测评人员根据系统客观条件主观进行判断。</p><p>  密评吸取了等保测评中很多的经验和教训，所以简单的放水很难实现，且报告中<strong>必须贴上充分必要的完整证据链截图</strong>作为密评打分的佐证。当然等保测评也在日趋完善，向着密评的严格要求靠近，两者应该是相互学习，共同成长的。</p><h2 id=个人一些完全不成熟的瞎理解>个人一些完全不成熟的瞎理解</h2><p>  密评站在等保的基础上，比现行的等保 2.0 更为规范和严格。</p><p>  密评“网络和通信安全”层面中“访问控制信息完整性”这一控制点，和等保测评中的“可信验证”一样，制定该项制度是为了推动行业的发展，所以现阶段还没有很好的办法去符合。</p><p>  现阶段如果一个系统能通过密评，那一定能通过等保测评。我个人认为密评至少是等保 3.0 的级别。</p><p>  等保就像西医“治标不治本”，密评如同中医一样开始“治本”了。</p></article><div class=my-4><a href=https://b.hui.ke/tags/%E5%AF%86%E8%AF%84/ class="inline-block bg-tertiary-bg text-sm rounded px-3 py-1 my-1 me-2 hover:text-eureka">#密评</a></div><div class=py-2><div class="my-8 flex flex-col items-center md:flex-row"><a href=https://b.hui.ke/authors/hui.ke/ class="md:me-4 text-primary-text h-24 w-24"><img src=https://b.hui.ke/bagua.webp class="bg-primary-bg w-full rounded-full" alt=Avatar></a><div class="mt-4 w-full md:mt-0 md:w-auto"><a href=https://b.hui.ke/authors/hui.ke/ class="mb-2 block border-b pb-1 text-lg font-bold"><h3>Hui.Ke</h3></a><span class="block pb-2">❤ Cyber Security | Safety is a priority.</span>
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